History
The concept for this scaling solution was discussed between Janislav Malahov and Vitalik Buterin in Berlin during the spring of 2014. Subsequently, modifications and formalizations have been made to various sections of the validation or subspace cutting mechanism. Below is an example of a plan that may be employed to scale blockchain in a future version of Ethereum.
General description
The core concept of Chain-Fibers has remained the same over the past year. Splitting the state space into layers allows different transaction collectors to be assigned to each state subspace. Multiple subspaces are more expensive (collectors would have to maintain their presence on multiple chains), and will take longer to complete (since it is less likely that any block will contain all subspaces). Transaction subspaces can be verified by providing all the necessary information. Merkle proofs for inputs are also included in the block.
There are subtle rules that govern the subspace division. The original proposal included automated divisions, merges, rotations and rotations of subspace subdivisions to achieve the best internal consistency. It also explains the security measures that are taken within these relatively small subspaces. This could be a good idea. With Proof-of-Stake (the original was based on a master PoW Chain), it is a way to implement an idea first proposed by Max Kaye in early 2014: Disassociate File from Blockchain.
The MasterChain is sustained by a group of linked Validators (V). Each block is validated using a random selection of validators. At the end, the validators vote for consensus on the MasterChain. Each block can refer to the head of each fiber for a reference.
Transaction Collectors accept transaction fees and create blocks. Validators need to pay a fee to add their block hash to the main chain. A particular method can be used to make this happen “home pool”, which is the only fiber set that preserves the Trie State of the fibers. Transactions can be included in a block with more than one of these fibers, even if there are none. “source set.”
“Fishermen” refer to independent inspectors. Since block availability is important, it is possible for validators to be bribed by contract. It is also important that there be a mechanism that involves rational people acting as the validators. “informants” can be used to avoid wasting time by talking to other validators. Checking all blocks, Anglers can pay to convince a quorum of validators that a previously validated block is invalid (or not possible). If an angler can demonstrate that he or a group of validators has acted unethically, he is entitled to all his bonuses. Validators are not allowed to use fake challenges without paying a fee.
Schematic
Sorry about the not-so-ASCII-art. I’m not as skilled in Inkscape as Vitalik.
The Ethereum Foundation has been hard at work on their scalability solution – Chain-Fibers. This innovative system is designed to speed up the process of sending transactions to miners, whilst allowing for a much higher throughput than before. By introducing matchers, lifters, and validators, Chain-Fibers creates a secure and efficient network that can handle a large number of transactions with ease. Here’s a look at how it works.
